Making a list of Japanese term definitions:
http://www.wolfinspace.com/wiki/Category:Japanese

What words or expressions would you like defined?

I sometimes hear "do your best" "work hard" . . . is that Gambatte or Ganbaru?

It can be both, depends on the context/politeness/tense. Most anything starting with with ganbar* will be some form of the verb.

In Go-Busters they mention "transport" I hear "tensou" or what I think is "tensou" what exactly are they saying? Cause from Goseigers I thought "tensou" meant "heavenly armament" or something along those lines.

Tensou 転送 is "Transfer" or "Transmission". The Goseiger "heavenly armament" is a pun that's probably based on this word. Basically change the kanji but keep the pronunciation and you can get wordplay like this.

I may be thinking to simplistic, but how about basics like Henshin, Senshi, Kamen etc?

For more 'complex' phrases, the Kabuki phrase for a chapter ending that was always used by Takeru?

Henshin - Transform
Senshi - Warrior/soldier
Kamen - Mask

Ikken rakuchaku 一件落着 - lit. "case closed", or in Takeru's case, "This brings this story (arc) to a close"
一件 - one matter/issue/case
落着 - being settled, coming to a conclusion

Anno..., how about anata/anta/omae/kisama?

* Is it ano or anno?

What's the phrase for traffic safety? I know Bus-on in Go-Onger says it as part of his roll call.

Kōtsū Anzen (交通安全)

I do believe it was also used in an episode of Gokaiger with the CarRanger tribute.

Thanks, I've been wondering about that. ^.^

It can be ano or anno depending on how long you stress it. Similar to Um/Umm.

The four words you listed are all basically ways to say "you" but differ based on who typically says them and their politeness level. There are of course exceptions to every rule, so don't take this as set in stone.

Anata - Generally used by women. In polite situations, men use it too. Can have a connotation of darling/dear/honey if a woman is using to address her husband/boyfriend.

Anta - Generally used by women and sometimes men. Can have the same connotation as anata. Basically a shortening of anata.

Omae - Pretty much exclusively used by men. Is a bit more brusque, so not used in polite situations. Can have a menacing connotation if said in a threatening fashion. Can have a connotation of ownership if a man is using it to address or talk about his wife/girlfriend.

Kisama - Also basically exclusive to men. Rude, not used in normal conversation. You basically don't hear this word outside of the tv world.

So is that why 'kisama' often gets translated as 'bastard'?

Why not?

Could someone please explain the 'Tamae' verb ending (I think its a verb ending). I've heard characters in various shows (Rodger in Big O and Virgo in Saint Seiya) tag it on the end of the sentences that to me would make sense without it.

It's been bugging me for a while, and I've never been able to find an answer.